Publications
Contact pressure evaluation at the interface of a shrink-fitted connection in a nuclear reactor head.
International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping. 2026;222(Part 2):105851.
Static workspace validation incorporating friction on a suspended reconfigurable cable-driven robot.
Mechatronics. 2026;117:103522.
The landscape of IEC 61499 in modern automation: A scoping review of research trends and gaps (2018-2025).
Journal of Process Control. 2026;162:103726.
Empirical framework for Cobot deployment in emerging manufacturing industries using interpretive structural modeling and structural equation modeling.
International Journal of Management Science and Engineering Management. 2026;1-16.
Verification of flow curve determination from plane strain compression tests.
CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology. 2025;63:554-565.
Prediction of weld quality in laser welding of hardmetal and steel using high-speed imaging and machine learning methods.
Journal of Advanced Joining Processes. 2025;11:100318.
Active learning confidence measures for coupling strategies in digital twins integrating simulation and data-driven submodels.
Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory. 2025;140:103092.
Fixturing-driven determination of multi-product assembly plans in the context of product variety and reconfiguration.
Flexible Services and Manufacturing Journal. 2024..
A Decision Risk Assessment and Alleviation Framework under Data Quality Challenges in Manufacturing.
Sensors. 2024;24(20):6586.
An overview of strategies for identifying manufacturing process window through design of experiments and machine learning techniques while considering the uncertainty associated with.
International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. 2024;134(11-12):4981–5019.
Enhancing Fault Diagnosis in Process Industries with Internal Variables of Model Predictive Control.
IFAC-PapersOnLine. 2024;58(4):538-543.
Flexible and robust detection for assembly automation with YOLOv5: a case study on HMLV manufacturing line.
Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing. 2024;36:3447-3463.
Compensation of billet variabilities through metamodel-based optimization in open die forging.
International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. 2024;132(3-4):1665-1678.
Enabling the identification of multi-product assembly system architectures – a new method and its application in the automotive industry.
Journal of Engineering Design. 2024;35(4):359-389.
KINEMATIC ANALYSIS OF TWO DEGREES-OF-FREEDOM PLANAR SEVEN-BAR MECHANISMS WITH PRISMATIC PAIRS, 349-361.
International Journal of Robotics and Automation. 2024;39(5)
A pragmatic optimization‑based approach for analysis and configuration of a reconfigurable multi‑product assembly line in the automotive industry.
International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. 2023;129(9-10):3993–4010.
A mixture distributions analysis based feature selection approach for bearing remaining useful life estimation.
SN Applied Sciences. 2023;5(11):302.
Hybrid Cost-Tolerance Allocation and Production Strategy Selection for Complex Mechanisms: Simulation and Surrogate Built-In Optimization Models.
Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering. 2023;23(5):051003.
Development and analysis of a holistic function-driven adaptive assembly strategy applied to micro gears.
Journal of Manufacturing Systems. 2023;69:48-63.
Digital synchronous decomposition and period-N bifurcation size identification in dynamic systems: application to a milling process.
Chaos, Solitons & Fractals. 2023;173:113714.
Evolutionary Cost-Tolerance Optimization for Complex Assembly Mechanisms Via Simulation and Surrogate Modeling Approaches: Application on Micro Gears.
International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. 2023;126(9-10):4101–4117.
Development of a flexible data management system, to implement predictive maintenance in the Industry 4.0 context.
International Journal of Production Research. 2023;17.
MLP based on dissimilarity features: An application to wood sawing simulator metamodeling.
SN Computer Science. 2023;4(4):408.
Contribution to the design of reconfigurable multi-product assembly systems by architecture solutions generation through a new locating-driven approach.
CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology. 2023;41:108-123.
Toward digital twins for sawmill production planning and control: Benefits, opportunities, and challenges.
International Journal of Production Research. 2023;61(7):2190-2213.
Wind turbine output power prediction and optimization based on a novel adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system with the moving window.
Energy. 2023;263(Part E):126159.
Incipient chatter fast and reliable detection method in high-speed milling process based on cumulative strategy.
ISA Transactions. 2022;131:397-414.
A methodology for production system design driven by product modelling and analysis – application in the automotive industry.
International Journal of Production Research. 2022;18p..
Improvement strategy for the geometric accuracy of bead’s beginning and end parts in wire-arc additive manufacturing (WAAM).
International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. 2022;118(7-8):2139-2151.
A Framework for Integration of Resource Allocation and Reworking Concept into Design Optimisation Problem.
IFAC-PapersOnLine. 2022;55(10):1037-1042.
Using Behavioral Primitives to Model Students’ Digital Behavior.
Procedia Computer Science. 2022;207:2444-2453.
Modular cost model for Tolerance allocation, Process selection and Inspection planning.
Procedia CIRP. 2022;114:1-6.
An integrated resource allocation and tolerance allocation optimization: A statistical-based dimensional tolerancing.
Procedia CIRP. 2022;114:88-93.
Coupling digital simulation and machine learning metamodel through an active learning approach in Industry4.0 context.
Computers in Industry. 2021;133:103529.
Prediction of bead geometry with consideration of interlayer temperature effect for CMT based wire-arc additive manufacturing.
Welding in the World. 2021;65(12):2255–2266.
Wind power conversion system model identification using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems: A case study.
Energy. 2021;239(Part B):122089.
Geometrical defect identification of a SCARA robot from a vector modeling of kinematic joints invariants.
Mechanism and Machine Theory. 2021;162:104339.
MaxEnt feature-based reliability model method for real-time detection of early chatter in high-speed milling.
ISA Transactions. 2021;113(2021):39-51.
Strain-path dependent hardening models with rigorously identical predictions under monotonic loading.
Mechanics Research Communications. 2021;114:103615.
Modularity-based quality assessment of a disruptive reconfigurable manufacturing system-A hybrid meta-heuristic approach.
International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. 2021;115:1421-1444.
Fuzzy model identification based on mixture distribution analysis for bearings remaining useful life estimation using small training data set.
Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing. 2021;148:107173.
Influence of Sampling Frequency Ratio on Mode Mixing Alleviation Performance.
Machines. 2021;9(12):315.
Parameter identification of 42CrMo4 steel hot forging plastic flow behaviour using industrial upsetting presses and finite element simulations.
International Journal of Material Forming. 2021;14:929-945.
Optical process monitoring for Laser-Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF).
CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology. 2020;31:607-617.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of high strength steel deposits obtained by Wire-Arc Additive Manufacturing.
Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 2020;285:116759.
Can we Take Advantage of Time-Interval Pattern Mining to Model Students Activity?
Journal of Educational Data Mining. 2020;163-170.
Springback prediction for a mechanical micro connector using CPFEM based numerical simulations.
International Journal of Material Forming. 2020;13(4):649-659.
Dynamics-based Algorithm for Reliable Assembly Mode Tracking in Parallel Robots.
IEEE Transactions on Robotics. 2020;36(3):937-950.
THE ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL EVALUATION OF DICLOFENAC DERIVATIVES WITH HYDRAZONES STRUCTURE.
Farmacia Hospitalaria. 2020;68(2):329-334.
Product design improvement by a new similarity-index-based approach in the context of reconfigurable assembly processes.
Journal of Engineering Design. 2020;31(6):349-377.
Multiphysical tolerance analysis – Assessment technique of the impact of the model parameter imprecision.
Procedia CIRP. 2020;92:206-211.
Framework for tolerance analysis of over-constrained mechanisms with form defects.
Procedia CIRP. 2020;92:3-8.
Bearings degradation monitoring indicators based on discarded projected space information and piecewise linear representation.
International Journal of Mechatronics and Automation. 2020;7(1):23-31.
Key Characteristics identification by global sensitivity analysis.
International Journal on Interactive Design and Manufacturing. 2019;14(2):423-434.
Prediction of the yield surface evolution and some apparent non-normality effects after abrupt strain-path change using classical plasticity.
International Journal of Plasticity. 2019;119:331-343.
Probabilistic-based approach using Kernel Density Estimation for gap modeling in a statistical tolerance analysis.
Mechanism and Machine Theory. 2019;139:294-309.
Input-Output Feedback Linearization for the Control of a 4 Cable-Driven Parallel Robot.
IFAC-PapersOnLine. 2019;52(13):707-712.
Off-line path programming for three-dimensional robotic friction stir welding based on Bézier curves.
Industrial Robot: An International Journal. 2018;45(5):669-678.
On the optimization of the support vector machine regression hyperparameters setting for gas sensors array applications.
Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems. 2018;184:22-27.
Direct usage of the wire drawing process for large strain parameter identification.
International Journal of Material Forming. 2018;12(5):875-888.
Optimum machine capabilities for reconfigurable manufacturing systems.
International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. 2018;95(9-12):4397-4417.
Characterization of massive magnetic parts with a dedicated device.
International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics. 2018;57(4):457-472.
A new route for semi-solid steel forging.
CIRP Annals - Manufacturing Technology. 2017;66(1):297–300.
Prediction of Intention during Interaction with iCub with Probabilistic Movement Primitives.
Frontiers in Robotics and AI. 2017;4
Tolerance analysis — Form defects modeling and simulation by modal decomposition and optimization.
Computer-Aided Design. 2017;91:46-59.
The CoDyCo Project achievements and beyond: Towards Human Aware Whole-body Controllers for Physical Human Robot Interaction.
IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters. 2017..
Geometrical variations management for additive manufactured product.
CIRP Annals - Manufacturing Technology. 2017;66(1):161-164.
Crystal plasticity and phenomenological approaches for the simulation of deformation behavior in thin copper alloy sheets.
International Journal of Plasticity. 2017;94:171-191.
Simulation of ultra-thin sheet metal forming using phenomenological and crystal plasticity models.
Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 2016;734:032069.
Implementation of a damage evolution law for dual-phase steels in Gurson-type models.
Materials & Design. 2015;88:1213-1222.
Review of data mining applications for quality assessment in manufacturing industry: Support Vector Machines.
International Journal of Metrology and Quality Engineering. 2015;6(4):59p..
ISO 9001 International Standard, a Tool to Enhance Data Quality in Durable Socio-Technical Systems.
Applied Mechanics and Materials. 2015;809-810:1528-1534.
Young’s Modulus Determination: Influence of Microplasticity and Pseudo-Elasticity on Metal Forming.
Key Engineering Materials. 2015;651-653:598-603.
Tolerance Analysis by Polytopes: Taking into account degrees of freedom with cap half-spaces.
Computer-Aided Design. 2015;62(C):112--130.
On the numerical implementation of elasto-plastic constitutive equations for metal forming.
Revue roumaine des sciences techniques. Série de mécanique appliquée. 2015;60(1-2):89-104.
Investigation and comparative analysis of plastic instability criteria: Application to forming limit diagrams.
International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. 2014;71(5-8):1247-1262.
Noise and Vibration Pollution Reduction to a Mineral Aggregates Station through Rim Optimization in Order to Align at EU Legislation.
Applied Mechanics and Materials. 2014;657
FSW process tolerance according to the position and orientation of the tool: requirement for the means of production design.
Materials Science Forum. 2014;783-786:1820-1825.
Dislocation-based model for the prediction of the behavior of b.c.c. materials – grain size and strain path effects.
International Journal of Plasticity. 2013;47:29-48.
Elasto-visco-plastic modeling of mild steels for sheet forming applications over a large range of strain rates.
International Journal of Solids and Structures. 2013;50(16-17):2691–2700.
Elastic-plastic ductile damage model based on strain-rate plastic potential.
Mechanics Research Communications. 2013;54:21–26.
Numerical investigation and experimental validation of a plasticity model for sheet steel forming.
Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering. 2013;21(1)
Physically-motivated elasto-visco-plastic model for the large strain-rate behavior of steels.
Key Engineering Materials. 2013;554-557:1164-1173.
Springback of thick sheet AHSS subject to bending under tension.
International Journal of Mechanical Sciences. 2012;59(1):104-114.
Plastic Instability Based on Bifurcation Analysis: Effect of Hardening and Gurson Damage Parameters on Strain Localization.
Key Engineering Materials. 2012;504-506:35-40.
Investigation of thick sheet AHSS springback in combined bending under tension.
Key Engineering Materials. 2012;504-506:6.
Application of the continuum shell finite element SHB8PS to sheet forming simulation using an extended large strain anisotropic elastic-plastic formulation.
Archive of Applied Mechanics. 2012;82(9):1269-1290.
On the implementation of the continuum shell finite element SHB8PS and application to sheet forming simulation.
American Institute of Physics Conf. Proc.. 2011;1353:1203-1208.
Control law for timed marked graph constrained by marking exclusion constraint OR/AND.
Buletinul Institutului Politehnic din Lasi. Sectia IV, Automatica si Calculatoare. 2011;LVII (LXI)(4):75-92.
Application of a dislocation based model for Interstitial Free (IF) steels to typical stamping simulations.
American Institute of Physics Conf. Proc.. 2010;1252:1339-1346.
Experimental investigation of the influence of the FSW plunge processing parameters on the maximum generated force and torque.
International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. 2010;47(1-2):201-215.
Investigation of some localization criteria and their relevance to prediction of forming limit diagrams.
Steel Research International. 2010;81(9):1364-1367.
Time integration scheme for elastoplastic models based on anisotropic strain-rate potentials.
International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering. 2009;80(3):381–402.
Formability prediction of thin metal sheets using various localization criteria.
International Journal of Material Forming. 2009;2(1):423-426.
Numerical simulation of sheet metal forming using anisotropic strain-rate potentials.
Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2009;517(1-2):261-275.
ORTHOTROPIC STRAIN RATE POTENTIALS USING MULTIPLE LINEAR TRANSFORMATIONS.
International Journal of Solids and Structures. 2009;46(9):1966–1974.
PARAMETER IDENTIFICATION OF ADVANCED PLASTIC POTENTIALS AND IMPACT ON PLASTIC ANISOTROPY PREDICTION.
International Journal of Plasticity. 2009;25(3):491–512.
Parameter identification of advanced plastic strain rate potentials and impact on plastic anisotropy prediction.
International Journal of Plasticity. 2009;25(3):491-512.
Simulation-based discrete optimization of stochastic discrete event systems subject to non closed form constraints.
IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control. 2009;54(12):2900-2908.
An analytical approach for performance evaluation and optimization of a two-stage production-distribution system.
International Journal of Production Research. 2009;47(2):403-414.
Deadlock freeness for closed-loop marked graphs.
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Technical Sciences. 2009;57(3):281-288.
Strain localization analysis using a large deformation anisotropic elastic-plastic model coupled with damage.
International Journal of Plasticity. 2009;25(10):1970-1996.
Strain localization and damage prediction during sheet metal forming.
International Journal of Material Forming. 2008;1(1):229-232.
Prise en compte des trajets de déformation dans la simulation de la mise en forme des tôles métalliques.
Sciences, Technologies et Développement. 2008;1-13.
Comparison of forming limit diagrams predicted with different localization criteria.
Steel Research International. 2008;79(1):24-31.
NON-QUADRATIC ANISOTROPIC POTENTIALS BASED ON LINEAR TRANSFORMATION OF PLASTIC STRAIN RATE.
International Journal of Plasticity. 2007;23(8):1380–1399.
Non-quadratic anisotropic potentials based on linear transformation of plastic strain rate.
International Journal of Plasticity. 2007;23(8):1380-1399.
Finite element prediction of sheet forming defects using elastic-plastic, damage and localization models.
American Institute of Physics Conf. Proc.. 2007;908:227-232.
Investigation of advanced strain-path dependent material models for sheet metal forming simulations.
International Journal of Plasticity. 2007;23(6):951-979.
A control synthesis approach for time discrete event systems.
Mathematics and Computers in Simulation. 2006;70(5-6):250-265.
Simulation of semi-solid thixoforging using a micro-macro constitutive equation.
Computational Materials Science. 2005;vol. 32:pp. 323-328.
Optimal design for non steady-state metal forming processes- II Application of shape optimization in forging.
International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering. 1996;39(1):51-66.
Contact pressure evaluation at the interface of a shrink-fitted connection in a nuclear reactor head.
International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping. 2026;222(Part 2):105851.
Static workspace validation incorporating friction on a suspended reconfigurable cable-driven robot.
Mechatronics. 2026;117:103522.
The landscape of IEC 61499 in modern automation: A scoping review of research trends and gaps (2018-2025).
Journal of Process Control. 2026;162:103726.
Empirical framework for Cobot deployment in emerging manufacturing industries using interpretive structural modeling and structural equation modeling.
International Journal of Management Science and Engineering Management. 2026;1-16.
Verification of flow curve determination from plane strain compression tests.
CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology. 2025;63:554-565.
Prediction of weld quality in laser welding of hardmetal and steel using high-speed imaging and machine learning methods.
Journal of Advanced Joining Processes. 2025;11:100318.
Fixturing-driven determination of multi-product assembly plans in the context of product variety and reconfiguration.
Flexible Services and Manufacturing Journal. 2024..
A Decision Risk Assessment and Alleviation Framework under Data Quality Challenges in Manufacturing.
Sensors. 2024;24(20):6586.
An overview of strategies for identifying manufacturing process window through design of experiments and machine learning techniques while considering the uncertainty associated with.
International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. 2024;134(11-12):4981–5019.
Enhancing Fault Diagnosis in Process Industries with Internal Variables of Model Predictive Control.
IFAC-PapersOnLine. 2024;58(4):538-543.
Compensation of billet variabilities through metamodel-based optimization in open die forging.
International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. 2024;132(3-4):1665-1678.
Enabling the identification of multi-product assembly system architectures – a new method and its application in the automotive industry.
Journal of Engineering Design. 2024;35(4):359-389.
A pragmatic optimization‑based approach for analysis and configuration of a reconfigurable multi‑product assembly line in the automotive industry.
International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. 2023;129(9-10):3993–4010.
Hybrid Cost-Tolerance Allocation and Production Strategy Selection for Complex Mechanisms: Simulation and Surrogate Built-In Optimization Models.
Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering. 2023;23(5):051003.
Development and analysis of a holistic function-driven adaptive assembly strategy applied to micro gears.
Journal of Manufacturing Systems. 2023;69:48-63.
Digital synchronous decomposition and period-N bifurcation size identification in dynamic systems: application to a milling process.
Chaos, Solitons & Fractals. 2023;173:113714.
Evolutionary Cost-Tolerance Optimization for Complex Assembly Mechanisms Via Simulation and Surrogate Modeling Approaches: Application on Micro Gears.
International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. 2023;126(9-10):4101–4117.
Development of a flexible data management system, to implement predictive maintenance in the Industry 4.0 context.
International Journal of Production Research. 2023;17.
Contribution to the design of reconfigurable multi-product assembly systems by architecture solutions generation through a new locating-driven approach.
CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology. 2023;41:108-123.
A methodology for production system design driven by product modelling and analysis – application in the automotive industry.
International Journal of Production Research. 2022;18p..
Improvement strategy for the geometric accuracy of bead’s beginning and end parts in wire-arc additive manufacturing (WAAM).
International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. 2022;118(7-8):2139-2151.
A Framework for Integration of Resource Allocation and Reworking Concept into Design Optimisation Problem.
IFAC-PapersOnLine. 2022;55(10):1037-1042.
Modular cost model for Tolerance allocation, Process selection and Inspection planning.
Procedia CIRP. 2022;114:1-6.
An integrated resource allocation and tolerance allocation optimization: A statistical-based dimensional tolerancing.
Procedia CIRP. 2022;114:88-93.
Prediction of bead geometry with consideration of interlayer temperature effect for CMT based wire-arc additive manufacturing.
Welding in the World. 2021;65(12):2255–2266.
Strain-path dependent hardening models with rigorously identical predictions under monotonic loading.
Mechanics Research Communications. 2021;114:103615.
Modularity-based quality assessment of a disruptive reconfigurable manufacturing system-A hybrid meta-heuristic approach.
International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. 2021;115:1421-1444.
Parameter identification of 42CrMo4 steel hot forging plastic flow behaviour using industrial upsetting presses and finite element simulations.
International Journal of Material Forming. 2021;14:929-945.
Optical process monitoring for Laser-Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF).
CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology. 2020;31:607-617.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of high strength steel deposits obtained by Wire-Arc Additive Manufacturing.
Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 2020;285:116759.
Springback prediction for a mechanical micro connector using CPFEM based numerical simulations.
International Journal of Material Forming. 2020;13(4):649-659.
Product design improvement by a new similarity-index-based approach in the context of reconfigurable assembly processes.
Journal of Engineering Design. 2020;31(6):349-377.
Multiphysical tolerance analysis – Assessment technique of the impact of the model parameter imprecision.
Procedia CIRP. 2020;92:206-211.
Framework for tolerance analysis of over-constrained mechanisms with form defects.
Procedia CIRP. 2020;92:3-8.
Key Characteristics identification by global sensitivity analysis.
International Journal on Interactive Design and Manufacturing. 2019;14(2):423-434.
Prediction of the yield surface evolution and some apparent non-normality effects after abrupt strain-path change using classical plasticity.
International Journal of Plasticity. 2019;119:331-343.
Probabilistic-based approach using Kernel Density Estimation for gap modeling in a statistical tolerance analysis.
Mechanism and Machine Theory. 2019;139:294-309.
Input-Output Feedback Linearization for the Control of a 4 Cable-Driven Parallel Robot.
IFAC-PapersOnLine. 2019;52(13):707-712.
Off-line path programming for three-dimensional robotic friction stir welding based on Bézier curves.
Industrial Robot: An International Journal. 2018;45(5):669-678.
Direct usage of the wire drawing process for large strain parameter identification.
International Journal of Material Forming. 2018;12(5):875-888.
Characterization of massive magnetic parts with a dedicated device.
International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics. 2018;57(4):457-472.
Optimum machine capabilities for reconfigurable manufacturing systems.
International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. 2018;95(9-12):4397-4417.
A new route for semi-solid steel forging.
CIRP Annals - Manufacturing Technology. 2017;66(1):297–300.
Tolerance analysis — Form defects modeling and simulation by modal decomposition and optimization.
Computer-Aided Design. 2017;91:46-59.
Geometrical variations management for additive manufactured product.
CIRP Annals - Manufacturing Technology. 2017;66(1):161-164.
Crystal plasticity and phenomenological approaches for the simulation of deformation behavior in thin copper alloy sheets.
International Journal of Plasticity. 2017;94:171-191.
Simulation of ultra-thin sheet metal forming using phenomenological and crystal plasticity models.
Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 2016;734:032069.
Implementation of a damage evolution law for dual-phase steels in Gurson-type models.
Materials & Design. 2015;88:1213-1222.
Review of data mining applications for quality assessment in manufacturing industry: Support Vector Machines.
International Journal of Metrology and Quality Engineering. 2015;6(4):59p..
On the numerical implementation of elasto-plastic constitutive equations for metal forming.
Revue roumaine des sciences techniques. Série de mécanique appliquée. 2015;60(1-2):89-104.
FSW process tolerance according to the position and orientation of the tool: requirement for the means of production design.
Materials Science Forum. 2014;783-786:1820-1825.
Experimental investigation of the influence of the FSW plunge processing parameters on the maximum generated force and torque.
International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. 2010;47(1-2):201-215.